Life stages

Cognitive: at this stage children can think in language without fully understanding, Pigged said that from 2-7 years they will be unable to work things out or think about things in a logical way (pre- operational stage). From 7-11 years they will be able to work out simple problems known as â€Å"concrete operations†, this is what Pigged called the concrete-operational stage. Emotional It is in the childhood life stage where people develop an idea of self, they will start understanding self and others. They are likely to direct a large amount of their energy in to mastering skills and knowledge.Relationships with their parents, other relatives, friends and teachers will have an impact on the child's self-confidence and how they feel valued. The child may develop a permanent sense of confidence or of inferiority and failure. Social Childhood is where social learning first occurs, primary solicitation will take place which is where a child will learn social roles and behaviors f rom within their family context. This will provide a ‘safe base' from which children will explore relationships with other children and learn cooperation through play.As a child gets older they will become increasingly independent by making friendships with other children which will lead to them developing mutual trust. Towards the end of the childhood stage, children will develop a circle of friends and will begin to be able to understand another person's point of view. Adolescence (10-18 years) The physical changes that occur in the body during adolescence are mainly due to puberty, which is triggered by the hypothalamus in both genders. Puberty occurs generally between 11 and 13 years of age in females and between 13 and 15 years in males.Female puberty: The physical changes that will occur in adolescent females are; pubic hairs, breast growth, periods beginning and widening of hips. These changes occur in order for females to prepare for pregnancy and childbirth and are dr iven by the hormone estrogen. Male puberty: Male adolescents will develop reams. These changes occur to make them physically strong and is driven by testosterone. Intellectual It is within the adolescence stage of life where ‘adult thinking' will develop, this means thinking using logic and abstract thought processes and is called the formal operational stage in Piglet's stages of development.Logical thinking enables adolescents and adults to think scientifically and solve complex problems in their heads that they would not have previously been able to. Abstract thought processes allow adolescents and adults to think beyond the limits of everyday experience and wink through complicated problems without requiring to see concrete pictures to solve them. Emotional In adolescence the sense of self will continue to develop, in this stage adolescents will need to develop a secure sense of identity, this was first stated by Erikson.A clear understanding of self-identity will enable a person to feel secure when working with others and also to make a sexual loving attachment to another person. Self-esteem in adolescence may depend on the development of identity. Social In adolescence, secondary social learning will occur. An adolescent's self-worth will owe be more heavily influenced by other adolescents than by family. They will copy the behavior, clothing, interests, beliefs and cultural values from their own network of friends.Adulthood (18-65 years) Early adulthood: A person's physical performance will peak at 19-26 years, and at this age an adult will be optimistic about their future health. The main physical concerns are likely to be with diet, weight, exercise, addiction, reproduction, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Middle adulthood: this is when health concerns will begin to develop and sight is very likely to decline. An adult in this stage will also develop wrinkles and grey hairs. Men will experience a reduction of testosterone and women will experience menopause, this is a sharp reduction in estrogen, reduction of bone density and loss of fertility.Intellectual Adulthood is also included in Piglet's formal operational stage of intellectual development, which I have described in the adolescence intellectual development stage. A psychologist called Chase said that there is extending cognitive skills in adulthood, including; an achieving stage, a responsibility stage and an executive stage. Creativity peaks in adulthood in relation to lyrical poetry or theoretical math's or physics in an adults ass-ass, and in areas such as philosophy or history later in adulthood.Emotional A psychologist named Erikson gave much input in to the emotional development of adulthood, he said that in early adulthood there will be a conflict of intimacy vs.. Where an adult will be avoiding isolation learning to form an attachment to a partner, they will be trying to not be too self-centered or defensive. Middle adulthood: this is where an adult will be att empting to stay involved with their social life and legislations, but there will be a loss of interest in social issues which will create a risk of emotional stagnation.In early adulthood friendship networks will be very important and they will be forming adult, sexual relationships and starting a career which will have some form of career pathway. Adults will be thinking about and will be likely to experience marriage and parenthood. Mature adults may have a reduced amount of time socializing within friendship networks due to their time being priorities to child care, parent care, work and other family commitments. Older adulthood (65+ years) Older adults will be less active and are therefore likely to put on weight regardless of eating the same as they previously had.They will be more susceptible to disease and illness, for example; osteoporosis, arthritis, stroke and flu. Older adults will also be prone to falling over as their balance will moderately decrease, half of over ox's currently meet the equality act definition of disabled. It is in older adulthood where Chaises re-integrative stage occurs, this is where due to having a limited amount of energy older adults will only focus on tasks that are important to them. There will be a plasticity of cognitive skills in this life stage; this will be effected by a lack of stimulation, anxiety and disease, for example dementia.Older adults are likely to have a certain sense of wisdom, this will be shown by and due to experience, empathy and understanding. Emotional In older adulthood there will be a conflict of ego integrity vs.. Despair, meaning that in order to cope with aging and death an adult will need to have developed a secure sense of self. A failure to do this will result in despair. Older adults are likely to have heir emotions highly effected by experiencing different forms of loss, this could be of purposes and roles, health and/or death of friends and family.Retirement will have a large impact on a n older adult's social interaction as they will no longer be working, however an increasing number of over ass are working each year. Because of this, older adults will have much more free time but are likely to focus on existing relationships rather than search for new ones. A problem with the solicitation of the elderly is loneliness, 1 in 10 over ass say that they often or always eel lonely, this will link with older adulthood's emotional development. Australia, K. 2014.

Leading and motivating a team Essay

Leading and motivating a team effectively and understanding leadership †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. is registered charity providing social housing. Its vision is homes and neighbourhood’s we can be all proud of. They put customer’s first, keeping a strong financially viable, socially responsible, well governed business which is learning and growing achieving continuous improvements while obtaining value for money. My team Sustainment and Support(S&S) provides support, advice and assistance to customers who are vulnerable or in need. We successfully sustained tenancies and communities for tenants and will give them a platform to address other challenging issues and circumstances within their lives. The service is tailored to the individuals support needs, which is identified through the initial assessment. The support incorporates an action plan which is reviewed regularly to make sure the actions are being met. The most important characteri stics of a successful organisations is the clarity of purpose, adherence to core values, a distinct identity and a clear vision of the aim of the organisation. A good vision keeps the organisation moving forward and is a good motivator for the staff to achieve the set goals. All teams within the housing directorate have set goals and like the S&S team these have to be achieved. Without goals there would be no direction for the staff to achieve and participating in making the organisation successful. These targets and achievements are discussed at one to ones, and team meetings so team members are aware of how their performance contributes to the overall targets set at strategic level to achieve success overall. Other options available are away days, global emails to staff and group sessions. Not everyone likes to be communicated the same way. Email and literature works for some, but others would rather listen and talk. Respect the person you’re trying to communicate with and use the method they prefer. Clear communication and understanding is essential giving you the ability to deal with any issues or concerns that the staff have effectively and quickly. High performing teams will have clear understanding of roles and responsibility acknowledges the objectives, functions appropriately while carrying out the required task. Monitoring performance and regular 1-1s will indicate areas which require addressing, while allowing the team to be open and honest about what works and doesn’t and encouraging them to provide  feedback will show areas of strength and ways to improve. Receiving support and guidance from senior managers will enhance your own capabilities to lead the team UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIPS STYLES – Kurt Lewin (phycologist) researched and created a model Lewins leadership Styles putting them in 3 categories .Authoritarian – provide clear expectations for what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. Participative- offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. And delegation -offers little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. A leader needs to analyse personal abilities, the group and the situation, then select the best leadership style. A leader who chooses the most appropriate style and has the ability to adapt is likely to be successful. There are many factors which could influence choice, size, skill, experiences and knowledge, individuals with different personalities and backgrounds. Large teams may have staff with varying levels of skill. This may require the manager to adopt a more authoritarian style, providing clear communication so that everyone knows what to do to achieve goals and tasks. On the other hand, team leaders may take a more participative approach with other managers of equal standing in order to get their own team functioning efficiently. The delegating leadership style is thought to be most effective when the followers are comfortable taking responsibility, and have the experience to accomplish the necessary tasks. The leader provides guidance in the decision making process; then delegates. Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard were the first to describe the delegating leadership style and recommend that the leader move around the task maintenance grid with a specific situation. Group maturity is a measure of group growth and development High Maintenance and Low Task High Maintenance and High Task Low Maintenance and Low Task Low Maintenance and High Task Low – task behaviour providing direction High Authoritative management styles, which make expectations clear. These styles allow for little input or innovation from subordinates and may breed resentment, which can result in subordinates disengaging from the organization’s vision and lead to lower productivity levels. A leadership style that has significant positive effects on subordinates requires cultivation. It is as important to know the people on your team as it is to know your organization’s vision and policies, take time to learn about their families and hobbies. Developing your knowledge will enhance your respectability, and getting to know your team will create camaraderie and mutual trust. Willingness to listen, flexibility and mutual respect are, crucial to developing a leadership style likely to produce the coveted effects of high productivity, flexibility, innovation and loyalty on subordinates. Self assessment survey carried out as part of my ILM learning indicated scores of 34 participative (democratic) ,28 authoritarian(autocratic),24 delegation(free reign).During my Housing Diversity Network(HND) mentoring program I completed a more in depth assessment which highlighted my strengths weaknesses and potential leadership qualities sharing the report with my line manager, colleagues and mentor then receiving feedback I reviewed criticism constructively, examined my own skills and developed an action plan to address weakness’s to expand my leadership capabilities ,which included additional training, coaching, mentoring and attending workshops and seminars. Participative leadership is a managerial style I consider to have the attributes to succeed with, this links in with organisations working practices allowing structured teams to empower them selves delivering services which are flexible and adaptable while working within the guild lines of the companies policy and procedures. Motivate and developed at team To motivate a team to successfully achieve the set goals and to work effectively while maintaining and improving performance I feel the use of Abraham Maslow’s motivation theory as guidance that will ensure that the team are kept motivated The basis of this theory is that people are motivated by unsatisfied needs and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can.  As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, then we are moving towards growth and self actualisation. Satisfying needs is healthy while preventing has a negative effect. My Sustainment and Support(S&S) south team was created in mid 2012 bringing together staff with various skills and different personalities. I assisted my manager to help motivate and drive the team forward to be successful in obtaining the objectives of the organisation within this new structure. This included having discussions in team meetings to see if any obstacles would hinder staff from functioning to their full capacity, identifying needs then implementing with team building exercises, which was forefront of the process. Maslow’s model mirrors this by making sure our working environment and personal needs are met, providing all aspects of s afety. Love and belonging created great team spirit and high moral which was required as to the intensive nature of the post, enhancing the team’s wellbeing by bringing in Yoga and meditation which created a team that functions well and gaining a reputation of successful tenant engagement where others have found it difficult, e.g. Tenant facing court proceedings for rent arrears ,not responding to Income management (IM) but engaging with S & S while we stabilise the tenancy. When these pre court visits were introduced team members initially refused to carry out this task stating it was not part of their job role. it was an IM function, discussions during team meeting about the subject matter became heated creating low moral .The following week I explained to the team if we carried out this task, was successful we could show case the talents of the team to the organisation, talked about the positive effects this would have on our clients and encouraged everyone to take on board , bein g able to communicate in this fashion proved successful. I supported and motivated a member of the team who I shall refer as C who was not functioning at the correct level and not achieving the teams and his own individual set goals. I was given this task as part of my own leadership development plus the manager had used all the resources and C was still not operating team’s objectives, this was having an impact on the rest of team as case loads increased. With the threat of disciplinary action and the impact this could have on the team I felt I had experience and knowledge to assist having previously been part of a team which included C for a number of years and was well aware their learning style. I now realise the process I used symbolises two theory  models working alongside each other Maslow’s and Hershey and Blanchard situation leadership style Looking at that model the four headings of Directing, Coaching, Supporting, Delegating I feel covers the method I used to resolve this problem Directing – Provide specific instructions clear and simple while closely supervising task accomplishments Coaching – Continues to direct and closely supervise task accomplishments, but also explains decisions, solicits suggestions and supports progress Supporting – Facilitates and supports subordinates efforts toward task accomplishments and shares responsibility for decision making with them Delegating – Turns over responsibility for decision making and problem solving to subordinates. If we look at the Maslow triangle Physiological – In this case study for C there was a lack of confidence, knowledge and understanding Security – C felt threatened in his new role that perhaps he couldn’t achieve but now he feels his expertise is being recognised Loving and belonging – C initially felt isolated that the team had developed quicker than him, with the team being a strong supporting group they also assisted in the process Esteem- self esteem was low but grew as C developed Self actualisation – This is about reaching full potential, where I feel there has been significant change and is more motivated, there is still more room for development Looking at the actions taken below I do feel that in the process, styles were combined together to achieve a result. Bibliography www.teambuilding.co.uk/team-building-theory-maslow.html ILM learning material

Bruces 10 Principles Essay

Discuss how Bruce’s (2005) Ten Principles of Early Childhood Practise have influenced the Core Value Statements for the Early Childhood Care and Education Sector in Ireland. This essay is going to discuss the main links between Tina Bruce’s Ten Bedrock Principles and the core value statement for the early childhood education sector in Ireland. I have chosen three of Tina Bruce’s principles to look at. This essay is going to show how these have influenced three of the core values for the early childhood education sector. In Bruce’s bedrock principles, the first of the ten states: â€Å"The best way to prepare children for their adult life is to give them what they need as children.† The core value statement for early childhood care and education states that, â€Å"Childhood in its own right.† Looking at both statements it can be seen how Bruce has influenced the core value statement. In Bruce’s, all three pioneers of early childhood practise Frobel, Montessori and Steiner say that childhood should not just be used for children simply to get ready for adult life. All three believed that childhood is important in its own right. â€Å"Childhood is a state to be protected and allowed develop without damage in a specially prepared environment.†(Bruce pp18) Childhood is a period when the basic fundamentals of life are introduced. Bruner used a spiral curriculum to teach children the basic of things that could be thought in more depth when the child is older. Bruner stressed that the early childhood practitioner should be preparing children for later learning and knowledge. Childhood is a stage in its own right but it also provides a foundation of knowledge for children to build upon and enter adulthood well prepared. Number four of Bruce’s principles is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Children learn best when they are given appropriate responsibility, allowed to experiment, make errors, decisions and choices, and are respected autonomous learners. This is repeated in the core values: â€Å"Experiences and activities which support learning and allow children to actively explore, to experience, to make choices and decisions and to share  in the learning process.†Ã‚  Both statements think the child should be seen as an active learner. Children should be encouraged to explore their environment and experiment with objects. Children should also be encouraged to make decisions and share the responsibility of the learning process. â€Å"Frobel, Montessori and Steiner agreed that children are self- motivating. There is no need for adults to find ways of motivating them.† (Bruce pp22) Montessori saw the importance of self direction in children. She used a prepared environment to encourage self chosen tasks. Piaget believed that children should have self regulation in their own learning. As children explore what they already know and can then use what they know to help understand something new. Children should be allowed initiated learning at times and other times the learning should be adult led. The job of the early childhood practitioner is to know when a child is struggling and to give them some help. The early childhood practitioner should be mindful not to take over the situation entirely. Principle: Relationships with other people (both adults and children) are of central importance in a child’s life, influencing emotional and social well being. Core Value: Values parents, guardians and family as the child’s primary source of well being. In comparison there is little difference in the principle and core value they both see relationships with other people of importance to the child’s well being. Steiner saw the importance of interaction with other adults and children because the child takes in the moral atmosphere gave out by these people. Mothers were the first educators in a child’s life in Froebel’s eyes. He believed children first learned in the home then school. He saw adults as helpers in children’s learning unlike Montessori, who saw adults including parents as a threat to children’s freedom. Frobel also saw the wider community as helping the child’s well being. The interaction with other children by playing helps the child’s state of well being by allowing them to develop physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and morally. This essay has looked at how Tina Bruce’s Ten Bedrock Principles have influenced the core value statements in Ireland. It has shown that even though the wording may differ in both, they both see the child as being an active learner and having the right to make decisions and errors. All learning in the early childhood care and education sector in Ireland should be child centred. Both the core value statement and Bruce’s ten principles see others including parents, guardians and family as helping the child’s well being. References: Bruce T. (2005) Early Childhood Education (3rd ed.), London: Hodder & Stoughton. Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform (2002) Quality Childcare and Lifelong Learning: Model Framework for Education, Training and Professional Development in the Early Childhood Care and Education Sector, Dublin: The Stationery Office

Quality management - M Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality management - M - Coursework Example Both the customers are important for the development of the company. Quality is one of the major elements, which helps the customers to make the decision about the product and/or services and it also meet the needs of the customers. Therefore, Tatweer Petroleum focuses on strategies to maintain quality and uses advanced technology to satisfy the demand of internal as well as external customers. In this respect, quality is important for internal customers with the aim of enhancing different aspects that include morale, communication, productivity and operational alignment. Similarly, quality is vital for external employees, as they are able to consume products based on their preferences, which in turn ensure better returns and brand value for the company. Subsequently, the company is able to maintain a healthy relationship between stakeholders and accordingly, an effective workplace environment can be maintained (Tatweer Petroleum, 2015; Lin, 2010). Quality is the degree through which the features of the products meet the present values. In the present day scenario, ‘total quality management’ (TQM) has received worldwide attention and several industries adopted TQM mostly in the developed countries to provide products and/or services in accordance with the needs of the customers. It is important for the progress and improvement in the areas of cost, quality reliability, innovative efficiency and effectiveness of a business. Presently, every organisation follow as well as implement TQM program for the enhancement of the quality of the products, satisfy the demand of the customers and the development of an organisation (Willey, 2015). Quality management is considered as the function, which is used to confirm the products and the operation of a business to meet certain standards or values. The design quality standards and the process quality standards have several major differences. Design quality focuses on the

The not so Thankful Thanksgiving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The not so Thankful Thanksgiving - Essay Example At around 8 P.M the remnants of the turkey were placed in the refrigerator. From the foregoing description of the activities and the subsequent events that transpired, it is obvious that the Gibsons' and their guests had contracted Enteritis. This is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, accompanied usually by abdominal pain or cramps, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhoea. (Enteritis). The most common micro-organisms contributing to food borne illnesses associated with turkey are Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus (Onset, Duration, and Symptoms of Food borne Illness). Considering the time of onset and the lab reports of the Gibsons' it is obvious that the organism involved is Salmonella serotype Enteritidis bacterium. The turkey was left at room temperature for 4 hours from 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM. The salmonella bacteria multiplies rapidly in cooked food which is left at room temperature and the cooked turkey becomes unfit for consumption after two hours if it is left at room temperature. (Turkey handling, storage and safety). Also most of the salmonella enteritidis infections do not require much treatment. So the Gibsons were discharged by the hospital after being treated as out patients and hence they went home without any elaborate treatment. The factors

Operations Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Operations Management - Research Paper Example The aim of this project is to identify key weaknesses in the operations management system of the Religious Health Care, review of literature on the topics, and offer recommendations that the firm could use to improve on its weaknesses. Religious Health Care has been experiencing continual decline in employee morale, which has resulted in reduced quality of services provided to clients; this phenomenon has been blamed on the poor or non-existent sense of leadership in the organization. Junior employees do not have models in the senior employees that they can use as a guide in their careers, or even in the provision of services in Religious Health Care. It is well known that the best way to lead people is by example, and though the firm has elaborate guidelines for the provision of health care, the senior employees do not abide by those guidelines, and junior employees do not see the need for doing so too. Moreover, there seems to be no consequences for not abiding by the company rules; in any case, recruits are not familiarized with these guidelines during induction, and with the passage of time, it is as if these guidelines are non-existent. Communication is another key functional factor that is underrated at Religious Health Care; the firm does not seem to have enough of it. For instance, decisions are made by the management without consulting internal or external stakeholders; which is destructive for the organization since the former are the implementers of company policies and the latter are the recipients of the effects of the implementation of these policies. The management holds meetings with employees only to inform them of decisions that have already been made, making employees, like any other business resources, to be exploited without caring about their feelings or welfare. Religious Health Care has a top-to-bottom management style, whereby employees do not have a role to

Should Marijuana be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Marijuana be legalized - Essay Example Currently, there are many critics of the said law who advocate the legalization of marijuana. In fact, ten states (California, Colorado, Maine, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, and Oregon) have started to decriminalize it by imposing fines instead for possession rather the jail time as punishment. There are sectors who argue that the substance is not harmful and, hence, should be excluded from the illegal narcotics classification, in effect, criminalizing its possession. This paper will investigate whether this argument has merit and that it is reasonable to decriminalize its possession and use. There are two major arguments behind the call to legalize marijuana. The first is the reasoning that it is not harmful to health. Proponents often cite medical studies and research that find marijuana as a safe drug. For example, there is the Drug Enforcement Administration own administrative judge Francis Young, who declared in his 1988 decision to recommend marijuana’s legalization that: â€Å"Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substance known to mankind† (Barton 64). In this respect, Gieringer, Rosenthal and Carter (2008) further underscored that in animal experiments, the lethal dose of cannabis would be approximately 20,000 to 40,000 times than that of the normal dose and would require the intake of 40-80 pounds of marijuana (1). They referred to the current statistics that, so far, no fatality has ever been recorded out of cannabis overdose. The second point often cited by those in favor of legalizing marijuana is that this issue has become akin to the situation during the Prohibition era when the ban of alcohol has resulted to crime and corruption. The idea is that by legalizing cannabis, a source of funds would be denied on the criminal organizations that currently profit enormously from the underground trade. In addition, says Gomberg

Political science - The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political science - The Internet - Essay Example There are no quandaries with regard to logging in; it is an extremely simple process. No passwords are required or even email addresses. At the beginning also catchy phrases are utilized which can be extremely persuasive. For instance, there is a place where an individual can learn more with regard to becoming a Romney member, how one can get a piece of the national cake, as well as what to expect from Romney. Furthermore, there is the presentation of how Romney will advance the education structure of the U.S. This is extremely attractive for people with kids as well as the young people. Romney also targets the Latino populace. There is a link where prospective voters can meet Romney as the person, to comprehend who he is and his viewpoint. There is also a video presenting narrations from persons with regard to the failures of the Obama administration. This is meant to expose the weaknesses of President Obama and present why voters should choose Romney in the impending elections. The lingo utilized is extremely persuasive, and it makes an individual believe that Romney has a lot in to portray to the America nation. Other techniques of how to link with this Presidential aspirant are given as Face book, Twitter as well as Flickr and Google +. At the end of the page, there is an emphasis of Romney’s confidence in the America populace. The significant emphasis in the Romney campaign is the enhancement of the education schools. He talks a lot about how he will reform this, but he does not tackle college education. He utilizes the technique of exposing and attacking Obama’s failures to lure people to believing he will bring change. For instance, there is a presentation of the failures of Obama in a video. However, as negative as this might be, he intends to give Americans the truth so that they can make sound decisions. His speech on education restructuring is extremely persuasive but that not all to presidency. This

Analysis paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis paper - Coursework Example The third, which was cheaper, was work sample test because it utilized $55000 to complete the process. The company should select the third method which work sample test because the company will utilize fewer resources as compared to the other methods. It will help the company to save resources to be used in other activities because the process used in all the three methods are the same and targets one objective of selecting 25 applicants. The best people to help the company in assessing the salesmen are the customers. They are the immediate people who know exactly what the salesmen are doing in the field in the process of selling the products. The company should conduct a survey using questionnaires issued to the customers with simple questions on the products, prices, quantity, and customer satisfaction. The questionnaire will ask the customer the products, prices, and quantity of the products, which will be compared with what is issued in the company. The company will know if the customers are overcharged, offered fewer quantities or a different product from those produced by the company. The questionnaires will help the company know if the customers are satisfied with the produce treatment and treatment by the salesmen. The customers will analyze the questionnaires and address any problem the customers are facing or make general improvements. The oil and gas company should survey on the rates of remuneration offered by the competitors to its employees in relation to education level and experiences. After the survey, the company will compare with its compensation to the employees and make slight adjustments in relation to its production costs. The adjustment will help the company to be externally competitive in the market. When it comes to market competition, the company should survey the prices of products offered by the competitors. The company will compare the prices, adjust the prices to more affordable, and influence

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay P.1 – Produce a guidance document explaining the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context for a new member of staff (using a hospital or care home setting) to include: Communication: text messaging, written, oral, signing, technology. Interpersonal interaction: language, non-verbal (choose 2 issues under each heading from unit specification page 3). Effective communication The role of effective communication is important in any work setting especially in any health care setting. Effective communication is when someone is getting a message across or explaining a topic fully with using the least information possible it is when information is transmitted accurately and simply such as in a hospital or care home information that any staff needs to know will be given to them in the easiest and simplest form possible. Communication although is not effective if the person you are giving the information to is not listening. Effective communication can be between colleagues or professionals and people using the services. There are many different forms of communication these include; †¢text messaging †¢written †¢Oral/verbal †¢ signing †¢ symbols †¢ touch †¢ music and drama †¢ arts and crafts †¢ Technology Text messaging This is done on an everyday basis this is done on devices such as mobile phones and computers. The messages are sent through a large ariel in space. Such as in a care home or nursery school the staff would sometimes keep in contact through text messages this is good for when they are out of work and can’t speak to each other. Written There are many different forms of written communication. Most of our communication is in written form. We have newspapers that tell us what’s happening round the world daily, also we have books about everything under the sun and we have magazines and leaflets that give information on health topics such as pregnancy, diabetes, care etc. Within in any health care setting this is important and comes into play in recording medical treatments or medicines, instructions on treatment and medication and also agreements between two people. Signing This is a way of communicating for those who are deaf they use their hands to speak. There is an official British sign language. This would come into health care frequently and in hospitals and care homes there should always be someone that knows this in case of a patient who is deaf. There are different contexts of communication these include; One to one this is one individual communicating to another individual such as in a conversation or email or instant messaging. This can occur on an everyday basis in any health care setting such as one nurse speaking to another nurse about a patient. Group This is when more than two people are communicating with each other this can range from 3 to any number such as a class lecture consisting of about 60 people. Group communication is effective as it sends the same information to the entire group at the same time. This can happen in a health care setting such as a care home when they have staff meetings. Formal This is when people use rules of language in either written or verbal communication such as in a letter from your doctor or either when you have an interview for a job. Formal communication comes into every health and social care setting such as when you’re in hospital and the doctor comes around to see you he would use formal language. Informal This is a more laid back type of communication such as if you were talking to your family or friends you don’t have to use rule of language and this can be present in some health and social care settings such as a social worker or key worker that you have known for perhaps a long time you would then be more comfortable with them and your language would be more laidback rather than formal. There are a few factors and skill that help in effective communication these include; †¢eye contact and visible mouth †¢body language †¢asking some questions †¢checking for understanding †¢silence †¢encouragement to continue †¢smiling face †¢summarising what has been said Interpersonal interaction Interpersonal interaction is the way in which we communicate and interact with each other. To have efficient communication skill in a health and social care setting is vital in helping building relationships with clients, to provide and receive information, understand and meet the needs of clients and to report on work done with clients. There are two type of interpersonal interaction these are language and non-verbal. Language Language consists of every day communication we use this on a day to day basis. There are many different types of language such as Spanish French German etc. and everybody has a first language even if they know a few our first language would be English. In a hospital there can be many people that come in on a day to day basis that don’t speak English but this can prove a barrier to communicating with that person. In most hospitals and care settings there would be a few nurses and doctors that would speak more than one language and if not an interpreter may have to be brought in. Dialect also comes under language this is the way certain people from certain places or cities speak such as wales would have a welsh dialect and England has an English dialect. This can happen in any care setting such as a care home when residents could be from different places and speak different ways the carers may not understand them as much but after a period of time they may get to know their dialect. Jargon would also come under language this is basically just a manner of talking that is very difficult to understand or even sometimes senseless. And slang would be another form of language this is very similar to dialect and is based on word people say that are not in the dictionary but a lot may know the meaning certain towns and places would have their own slang such as Derry city is well known for its slang. In a hospital if someone came in that was injured and they only talk in slang it can be very hard for the person treating them to understand although he person doing it may not even realise. We use speech everyday although some people cannot do this there are alternative ways for them to communicate with others such as picture cards for the deaf these would be cards that contain pictures on them of everyday things so that someone who cannot speak tell someone what they want or need or for someone who cannot hear so that the person communicating with them can tell them what they’re saying this would come into health care settings such as therapy like speech therapy there would be picture cards for children who cannot talk to communicate also there is electronic devices such as Light writers are small, robust, portable voice output communication aids (VOCA) specially designed to meet the particular and changing needs of people with speech loss resulting from a wide range of acquired, progressive and congenital conditions. Non-verbal Non-verbal is the way in which we interact and communicate with each other without speaking this can be in many different ways and we can do this without even knowing. These include posture that can portray to someone if you are interested of not if someone is talking to you and you’re sitting slouched and sloppy they may believe you’re not interested in what you’re saying. Facial expression can tell a person a lot such as if someone tells you something that is very surprising you would open your mouth and maybe gasp this shows the person that you are shocked without having to speak there are a number of different facial expressions for many different feelings such as happy sad angry scared etc. Reflective listening is another form such as if someone was telling you something and you are listening intensively then they know that you have got the message and that you are interested without having to ask you. Proximities is different things people need when communicating with someone such as your own personal space The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. All these non-verbal methods communication are used in any health and social care settings on an everyday basis such as I a hospital when a consultant has to talk to someone they would use their non-verbal communication along with verbal by having good posture when talking to the person having a low voice if giving the person bad news and would also use facial expressions when the patient is talking to them to maybe let them know they understand what they’re saying.

American Beauty: Micro Features Analysis

American Beauty: Micro Features Analysis The film I have specifically chosen for my micro-features analysis essay is Sam Mendess Academy Award winning motion picture American Beauty winning numerous Oscars and praise from critics. The narrative follows the miserable and mundane lives of the Burnham family consisting of Lester, a middle aged man who is facing a severe mid-life crisis and is extremely depressed, married to Carolyn who is an independent business women and housewife and their naive daughter Jane. The films promotional tagline look closer subconsciously implies that the appropriate suburban lifestyle depicted within the narrative is not as ideal as initially perceived, therefore exploring the corrupt and dysfunctional Burnham family fuelled entirely by materialism. The brief sequence chosen for microanalysis is the exposition, otherwise known as the opening which establishes themes, characters, inner and outer presence and the world they inhabit. Sam Mendes, the director must specifically use a contribution of a ll micro-elements including sound, mise en scene, cinematography and editing in order to grasp the viewers conscious attention and propel the narrative forward efficiently, however the two micro-aspects I have chose for analysis consist of mise en scene and cinematography which create meaning and evoke responses from the audience. American Beauty immediately commences with Jane Burnham being recorded by an anonymous character, the conversation between the two is extremely personal based on her ultimate intention to kill her father. The uncomfortable atmosphere compliments the compelling dialogue as it the amateur recording technique is specifically used in order to create realism which grasps the viewer into a submissive position due to the nature of the camera shot shifting into an intimidating low angle shot which consists of Jane dominating the frame with direct eye contacts creating an overwhelmingly intense atmosphere. The lighting within the room is severely limited thus being partially illuminated which creates a room filled with sinister shadows creating an ominous mood which emphasises her monotone clothing creating a mysterious persona that is unconventional for her age, more specifically sixteen therefore contradicting the typical cheerleader stereotype. Janes eye line match within the camera shot d etonates determination, zooming at a subtle pace whilst staring in a sinister way into the camera engages the viewer based on the cameraman refusing to allow her to escape voyeurism. Carolyn Burnham is seen doing traditional female associated activities based on her natural characteristics hence her growing and maintaining the flowers within her garden, more specifically the roses are often associated with love and romance which is reflective of her provocative image possibly fuelled by her intentions to find another sexual partner regardless of her husbands consent however one could consider gardening mentally satisfies Carolyn which inevitably reduces her need for sex, although as an audience we seriously doubt Lester cares due to his lacklustre body language. Lester perhaps outcasts himself from which unfortunately makes him invisible and unnoticeable, captured significantly during the scene where he is seen eavesdropping on the conversation between Carolyn and the homosexual next door neighbour. The intentional use of a cut in shot shows his lack of presence and participation within his wifes life, master shot initially establishes the conversation which is p redictably followed by shot-reverse-shot, the focus ruthlessly shifts between the dialogue where the previously distorted and blurred figure is seen in the window thus representing his fragmenting relationship with his wife and overall exclusion from society. Lesters perspective shows his helplessness to achieve acceptance hence his much more laid back approach to life, rather than a mundane lifestyle adopted by the majority suburban population, possibly aspiring to occupy a more hectic lifestyle however according to his established motivational issues in the exposition this seems highly unlikely. The outside of the house is illuminated entirely by natural light thus being much more glamorous therefore more appealing however he still holds distain towards it, in contrast the interior of the house is fuelled by minimal lighting which is significantly more realistic. In addition the interior of the house is also impractically dark which coincides with Lesters tone during the voice ove r narration thus displaying two conflicting worlds; unfortunately he occupies the miserable one alone. Lester comments on the coincidental matching of Carolyns attire and gardening apparatus, handle on those pruning shears matches her gardening clogs, stating it is not an accident which can be applied to the significance of the door and its colour, more specifically being an intense shade of red which distinctly different from majority of white therefore standing out with exceptional prominence which denotes violence which is depicted ruthlessly within the exposition and can be considered an important theme within the narrative. Lester has already foreshadowed his imminent death via voice over thus establishing the climax, building constant anticipation which makes the viewer become emotionally attached to the protagonist thus evoking empathy towards him and his circumstance. The explicit performance of Lester during the masturbation scene in the shower reflects the realistic approach to the film, the initial shock of this scene can be uncomfortable for less mature audiences, and however it entices the viewer into the realistic world of Lester which is uncountable to the majority of the population who indulge in similar activities. The claustrophobic experience within a shower cubicle can metaphorically represent a prison cell thus being imprisoned into a mundane suburban lifestyle. His body language during this scene is noticeably drained, the angle of his head on his own shoulders displays his lack of stability and main intention to sexually satisfy himself by his own means during the current moment regardless of anyones opinion, especially Carolyn thus referring to it as the highlight of his day without sarcasm. Lesters pleasured body language is due to the masturbation; however it could potentially be exaggerated based on the thrill of doing something against the norms of society hence the use of highlight. Undoubtedly the severe lack of intimacy and chemistry with his wife could possibly be the reason for the masturbation rather than traditional sex, perhaps he is probably bored with sex like the majority of other things due to his refusal to abide by social norms to maintain a stable relationship on order to satisfy one anothers needs. Whilst the Carolyn and Jane are waiting impatiently for Lester to proceed towards the noticeably expensive yet convention middle class car, basic processes such as making sure the suitcase is shut correctly emphasises his severe lack of motivation and commitment to life. Lester is seen casually collecting his work from a high angle perspective, kneeling down in an inferior position to his wife puts significant emphasis in his subordinate role within the dysfunctional family, thus switching gender roles with his wife, which in the current society is acceptable although not predominantly for the traditional male ego especially for dignity and pride; however the behaviour displayed by him implies that his couldnt care less. Carolyns performance such as the raising of the eyebrows displays utter disappointment since she is married to an individual who is such a useless contribution to society thus making him obsolete or otherwise redundant, as he is expendable. Her formal makes her seem significantly more financially independent, reinforced by the low angle perspective of Lester, making her seem significantly more intimidating and authoritative thus not requiring his assistance, potentially holding her back economically. The camera cuts to the family motionless within the car, unresponsive to one another with a significant lack of acknowledgement reinforced the extent of the families communicational breakdown, Lester is seen sitting on the back seat of the car slumped, possibly even asleep whilst his wife and daughter sit in the front eager to get on with their social life, whether it is work or school. Lester positioned between the two within the medium shot, displays his prominence however his physical existence is lacking, possibly lost during the recent years which he has been entirely consumed by the capitalist society. The clothing worn by Lester is representative of his social class; social indicators including his house, car and clothing coincide with the typical middle class individual. Natural light is present within the scene but is obscured by the tinted windows, thus being restricted to reach its full potential, therefore subconsciously representing his constraints metaphorically hence t he muted tones emphasising the lifeless atmosphere. In conclusion the micro-features within the exposition of American Beauty establishes key themes within the narrative, consisting of love, sexuality, identity, etc become more and more prominent as the narrative eventually progresses conveying numerous meaning during this brief sequence therefore dictating the characters personality and determining the choices they will make.

Communicating in Health and Social Care Organisations

Communicating in Health and Social Care Organisations Communicating in Health and Social Care Organisations L1. Be able to explore how communication skills are used in health and social care 1.1 Apply relevant theories of communication to health and social care contexts 1.2 Use communication skills in a health and social care context 1.3 Review methods of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings 1.4 Analyse the use of strategies to support users of health and social care services with specific communication needs There is a multitude of theories that can be used in the communication of health and social care contexts. Gerald Egan developed a theory of communication using an acronym in order to build the Components of communication with others. This was outlined in his book called ‘The Skilled  Helper’. The acronym he developed is, S O L E R. SOLER is often utilized to guide health and social care workers when dealing with vulnerable individuals and also acts as an described technique for active listening. In the sort of nonverbal communication, Soler theory can be valuable when helping another individual as it can make the other party feel cared for, involved in what is going on and feel respected and read. Heavily used in counselling and other areas of Health and Social Care, the theory can also be read by anyone who cares to become a more serious listener. Tuckman’s theory of group formation is essential for health and social care as in most health and social care settings group work is used. This always seems to work and people communicate very well. According to his 5 group interaction stages, teams can get stronger, more productive and efficient. His stage s include Forming The initial stage of team development during which people have not yet gelled together. Everybody is busy discovering their spot in the team, sizing each other up, and asking themselves why they are here. Storming People start to view themselves as part of a squad. Many conflicts or confrontations among team members occur in this stage resulting in some loss of focal point. Norming – At this point, team members begin to arrive together, developing procedures, establishing ground rules, deciding who does what, and how things will be managed. This form is known by a sense of togetherness. Performing This is the last point where the increased focus on both the task, and on team relationships, combines to provide working together well. Public presentation is given up through people working effectively together. And characteristics of effective teamwork will help teams sustain performance. Communication has an essential role in any action that aims to improve health. It is difficult to imagine how a message could be delivered to promote healthy choices if we could not communicate. The communication process is a multi-dimensional transaction influenced by a variety of factors and as a transitional process and in a health context, it is an important part of health and social care contexts. Communication according to Minardi and Reily (1997) is an essential, instrumental and purposeful process. The communication transaction is one of sharing information using a set of common rules (Northouseand Northouse 1998). The basic representative model of communication is commonly conceived as a one-way flow process consisting of a sender, message and receiver. In accession to this, other variables such s understanding by that receiver and feedback to the communicator can also be included. These last two variables are important for health communication as they imply two-way communication, thus making a motion away from the traditional concept of one-way communication towards multi-style communication. Communication in health takes place on many stages, including individual, group, organization, community or mass-media. Communication in health can be defined in much the same way as communication has generally been defined: a transactional operation. The primary dispute in communicating health is that the focus is not a universal one, but one specific to health data. Kreps (2003) summarizes the increase of ‘health’ to the definition of communication as a ‘resource’ that allows health messages (for example prevention, risk or awareness) to be applied in the education and avoidance of ill health. This broad definition incorporates the fact that health communication can take place at many levels and embodies a holistic access to health promotion. In order to deal with inapporiate communications, a successful two-way communication process depends on carefully conveying the message so that the listener understands exactly what we mean as non-verbal behavior may carry more meaning than words.Wen it comes for Speaking, clarifying the meaning with body language, facial expressions and voice to support the words is essential. Litening makes the communication process easier, attention should be given to the speaker, ad letting them finish before respond.The communication channels used is crucial in avoiding inapporiate communications, Face-to-face communication offers the best chance of full understanding, but the written word provides a more permanent record. A phone conversation restricts the effectiveness of body language, but notice tone of voice and speed of delivery, allows to pick up anger or annoyance.Pictures or symbols can be used to clarify communication, especially if either the listener or speaker has a specific commun ication difficulty and expressing emotion or explaining complex issues should be avoided. In order to cater to people with specific communication needs, this can be divided into 2 sections such as assistive technology and human assistance. Within technology softwares and support devices can be used to support people.This can include voice activated softwares, text phones, loop systems and hearing aids.When it comes for human assistance, advocates, translators, interpreters depending on the requirements can be used for communication purposes and to reduce communication barriers I health and social care sectors. L2.Understand how various factors influence the communication process in health and social care 2.1 Explain how the communication process is influenced by values and cultural factors 2.2 Explain how legislation, charters and codes of practice impact on the communication process in health and social care 2.3 Analyse the effectiveness of organisational systems and policies in promoting good practice in communication 2.4 Suggest ways of improving the communication process in a health and social care setting Communicating across cultures is challenging. Each culture has set rules that its members take for granted. Few of us are mindful of our own cultural biases because cultural imprinting begins at a very early age. And while some of a cultures knowledge, principles, opinions, values, phobias, and anxieties are taught explicitly, most of the info is absorbed subconsciously. Within Health and Social care context, intercultural communication is a field of study of importance because of increased globalization and also because of growing workforce who are different ethnically and culturally. Cultures provide people with ways of rememberingways of experiencing, listening, and interpreting the world. Hence the same speech can imply different things to people from different cultures, even when they utter the same speech communication. When the languages are different, and the translation has to be practiced to communicate, the potential for mistakes increases. Stella Ting-Toomey describes thr ee ways in which culture interferes with effective cross-cultural understanding. First is what she calls cognitive constraints. These are the frames of reference or world views that offer a backdrop that all fresh data is comparable to or introduced into. Second are behavior constraints. Each culture has its own regulations about proper behavior which affect verbal and gestural communication. Whether one sees the other individual in the eye-or not; whether one reads what one means overtly or talks around the subject; how close the people stand to each other when they are talkingall of these and many more are rules of politeness which differ from culture to culture. Ting-Toomeys third factor is emotional constraints. Different cultures regulate the showing of emotion differently. Some cultures get very excited when they are deliberating an issue. They cry, they scream, they demonstrate their anger, awe, frustration, and other feelings openly. Other cultures try to hold their emotions hidden, exhibiting or sharing only the rational or factual aspects of the situation. All of these conflicts tend to lead to communication problems. If the masses involved are not cognizant of the potential for such problems, they are even more likely to fall victim to them, although it needs more than awareness to defeat these problems and communicate effectively across cultures. Legislation exists to protect the rights of individuals and promote equality of opportunity for all. As a career, being aware of my rights and those of the people I would care for can help both of us get fair access to things that most people take for granted. This could be public transport, paid employment and health services. In order to prevent discrimination or harassment because of their age, disability or caring role, or for other reasons such as race, sex or sexual orientation the Equality Act was introduced in 2010, strengthens the law in certain situations, including increased protection for disabled people, and new measures protecting the careers of elderly or disabled people. The Data Protection Act 1998 establishes a framework of rights and obligations which are planned to safeguard personal information. This framework balances the legitimate needs of organizations to accumulate and utilize personal data for business and other purposes against the right of individuals to respect for the secrecy of their personal details. The legislation itself is supported by a circle of eight principles, which induce to be complied with. The exemptions either allow for the disclosure of information where there would otherwise be a breach of the Act or allow information to be withheld that would otherwise need to be exposed. Apart from these legislations, Charters such as CQC, Voices into Action, Department of Health Information Charter provide many important knowledge and information in a variety of topics such as public health, social care, national health services in order to communicate to the mass public where information can be passed on a large scale. Codes of practise such as Health and Care Professions Council Standards of Proficiency for Social Workers would ensure that right actions has been taken in order to protect and comply with registration requirements. So, health and adult social care registered providers will have to show that they meet the regulation of different codes to minimise spreading of diseases or infections. When it comes for communications, processes and procedures as of utmost importance for the clear flow of communication among internal as well as external parties involved.In a health and social care context, according to the staff role, responsibilities should be divided and each one shoul take accountability for their own actions.And data protection is essential to protect the confidentiality f the client and this are further strengthened by acts such as the data protection act.According to job role, working instructions should be given to the workers.Policies such as equal opportunites would be needed to help health and social care workers to develop and advance in career while other policies such as safeguarding, anti-bullying would safe guard employees against discrimination and protect them from health and safety issues. In order to improve, there should be reflective practice among all individuals working within the health and social care environment.Special attention should be given towards looking after patients where if client-centred care is developed, this would bring in growth to business.Oranizations should also consider staff development where rewarding and remuneration, career development and staff recognition programmes can increase motivation and lead to more productivity and efficiency of care workers.Collaborative working enviornments should be created where skills and knowledge can be exchanged and information passed out for mass public.And compliance with legislation and policies would improve quality of the services provided while protecting both sides such as the workers and their clients. L3.Be able to explore the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in health and social care 3.1 Access and use standard ICT software packages to support work in health and social care 3.2 Analyse the benefits of using ICT in health and social care for users of services, care workers and care organisations. 3.3 Analyse how legal considerations in the use of ICT impact on health and social care. ICTs can be defined as tools that facilitate communication and the processing and transmission of information and the sharing of knowledge by electronic means. This encompasses the full range of electronic digital and analog ICTs, from radio and television to telephones (fixed and mobile), computers, electronic-based media such as digital text and audio-video recording, and the Internet, but excludes the non ¬electronic technologies.In recent years, health and social work practice has adapted to include new forms of recording and monitoring – including the use of information and communication technologies (ICT’s) and the usage of different softwares in order to increase productivity and efficiency of the workers.Softwares such as MS office is used in creating Powerpoint presentations that will be used in teaching as well as managerial backgrounds, word processing softwares in drafting legal documents, and excel in maintaining customer and client data bases. When considering how these ICT packages are used in a health and social care context,they are used in a variety of ways. In, Medical, health, and healthcare informatics, these are used as skills and tools which enable information to be collected, managed, used and shared to support the delivery of healthcare and to promote health (NHS, 2006). On E-health, the utilization of emerging information and communication technology and software packages, especially the Internet, to improve or enable health and healthcare (Eng, 2001). This has bridged both the clinical and non-clinical sectors and includes equally individual and population health-oriented creatures. And finally the health system where these are used in all activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health. This includes, but is not limited to, the preventive, curative and palliative health services provided by the health care system (WHO, 2000). ICTs have clearly made an impact on health care. They have Improved dissemination of public health information and facilitated public discourse and dialogue around major public health threats while enabling remote consultation, diagnosis and treatment through telemedicine. Facilitated collaboration and cooperation among health workers, including sharing of learning and training approaches are supporting more effective health research and the dissemination and access to research findings which have strengthened the ability to monitor the incidence of public health threats and respond in a more timely and effective manner while also improving the efficiency of administrative systems in health care facilities. A wide range of stakeholders within the health and social care industry are benefited, in the developing world are potential beneficiaries of ICTs. They are from a top level to a grass root level giving out services to the public .They include International agencies (WHO, UNAIDS), International NGOs, Government ministries, Provincial hospitals and health departments, health workers, doctors, community leaders, patients and citizens. According to WHO, the use of ICTs in health is not merely about technology (Dzenowagis, 2005), but a means to reach a series of desired outcomes, such as health workers making better treatment decisions and hospitals providing higher quality and safer care. People now can make informed choices about their own health and due to this government also becoming more responsive to health needs where national and local information systems supporting the development of effective, efficient and equitable health systems help policy makers and the public awareness of health risks. And this has made people have the information and knowledge they need for better health. But when considering how legal legislations are impacting the usage of ICT. I belive they do more good than harm . With so many people using computers today, and with many of the computers connected to the internet, many users worry that others will misuse their computers and, e.g. steal their data to commit fraud. The Data Protection Act aims to protect the rights of the owners of the data. It does not actually protect the data. The Act sets out rules on how the data should be stored and used and provides a means for the owners of the data to complain and sometimes to claim compensation if their data is misused.This gives privacy for people involved in health and social care sector as patient information, client information can be protected from going nto wrong hands. Almost everyone, not just all employees and employers, have a duty under the Health and Safety at Work Acts to work and behave safely; also the Act makes it illegal to act recklessly or intentionally act in such a way as to endanger yourself or others. Employees must take reasonable care for their  own and others safety and cooperate with their employers in doing so.Ass unless proper precautions are taken place, injuries can occour which can have huge impacts. Injuries such as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) are common and are caused by the repetitive clicking of the buttons of a mouse or a keyboard and shows itself as pain in the arms. It is not certain that RSI or CTS are actually caused by repetitive actions when using computers, but these actions do seem to make the conditions worse. Aside from this Headaches are frequently induced by troubles with vision, Neck or back pain may be linked with incorrect postures or Eyestrain or sore eyes may be induced by using computers for long periods. But not only these, using computers can also have physical harm if we are not sensible and under the statute laws of health and social care, cautions are taken place in creating awareness ad reducing these kind of situations among employees, patients and other involved parties an thanks t proper legislations this is a success.

Exploring the Role of Marriage in Paradise Lost Essay -- Religion God

Exploring the Role of Marriage in Paradise Lost In his epic poem, Paradise Lost, John Milton addresses the role of woman and man within the institution of marriage. More specifically, he explores why such a bond is considered sacred within the context of his Protestant religion. The book of Genesis offers two guidelines for an ideal marriage, both exemplified in the relationship between Adam and Eve. The first account states, â€Å"Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh† (Gen. 2.24). A contextual reading gives the reader the impression that God encourages man and wife to pursue a spiritually enriched relationship, in which they share such intimate feelings that they seem to become a single person. The second account translates the word of God, â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply† (Gen. 1.28). This statement asserts that procreation is an important aspect of an ideal marriage. Milton’s own account of Genesis within Paradise Lost, supp orts the first account, but does not discount the latter. Adam and Eve are the original parents of mankind, and do procreate within the Garden of Eden. However, Milton chooses to focus much more on the bond shared between them, instead of the results of their sexual relationship. Adam and Eve maintain a partnership that involves deep friendship and understanding for one other. Connecting with one another allows them to maintain a structured relationship without any confusion as to each role within the relationship. Concentrating on the bond between one another allows them this clarity, much like, in Protestant religion, a strong devotional relationship to God allows clarity within one’s life. In emphasizing the importance of t... ...: A Study of the Divorce Tracts and Paradise Lost. Yale University Press. Conn.: New Haven, 1970. 3. Marilla, E.L. Milton & Modern Man. University of Alabama Press. Alabama: University, 1968. 4. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. The Riverside Milton. Ed. Roy Flannagan. Houghton Mifflin Company. Mass: Boston, 1998. 5. Nyquist, Mary. â€Å"The Genesis of Gendered Subjectivity in the Divorce Tracts and in Paradise Lost.† Critical Essays on John Milton. Ed. Christopher Kendrick. G.K. Hall & Co. New York, 1995. 6. Samuel, Irene. â€Å"The Dialogue in Heaven: A Reconsideration of Paradise Lost.† Milton, Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Arthur E. Barker. Oxford University Press. New York, 1965. 7. â€Å"The First Book of Moses, Called Genesis.† Handout. 9 October 2003.

Collaborative Leanrning And Architecture Education :: Learning Education Essays

Collaborative Leanrning And Architecture Education Introduction Two major questions that education faces nowadays are how adequate it is to use group dynamics in class to permit students achieve specific goals and if the efficiency of this technique is acceptable for all the branches of knowledge. Architecture, because of its most important qualities (professional work in teams, practical skills and creativity) appears to be an area in which it is likely that the teamwork technique can demonstrate its most important strengths. Thomas Kuhn (1996) described knowledge as â€Å"intrinsically the common property of a group or else nothing at all†, explaining that the discoveries of sciences or the products of arts to be recognized as it shall be shared between the members of a certain community. What Bruffee (1995) called the social construction of knowledge, has become the base to encourage the use of group work techniques in different levels of education. However there are still many critics to this method, basically referring to the difficulties to manage the classroom and its adequacy to different areas of study. The debate over teamwork in colleges and universities hasn’t delivered a clear answer yet. This research paper will first explain the virtues and weakness of the â€Å"Collaborative Learning† method in order to establish finally its possible application to Architecture Education. The Strengths of the Method Background Since the early 70’s, educators characterized the â€Å"traditional approach to Education† (Ventimiglia, 1994) as being â€Å"professor centered†, considering that the educative process depended exclusively on the knowledge capacities of the teacher, who decided what kind and what amount of information should be deposited into students minds. This was strongly criticized by Freire (cited by Ventimiglia, 1994), for being passive and not stimulating critical thinking. From then educators have researched new methods capable of improving academic results and preparing students to transform their societies creatively. This is how what Foyle (1995) called â€Å"Collaborative learning†, appeared as a possible answer to educational dilemmas. DEFINITION Collaborative learning, as well as cooperative and active learning are terms used to describe new procedures in education, intended to help students learn by working together (Bruffee, 1995). According to Ventimiglia (1994) collaborative learning is the process in which a community formed by students and teacher establishes common goals and participates as partners in the building of knowledge, following specific steps and accepting precise responsibilities. Group work is therefore one of the various tools involved in the execution of the method, however they should not be considered as synonyms. Collaborative Leanrning And Architecture Education :: Learning Education Essays Collaborative Leanrning And Architecture Education Introduction Two major questions that education faces nowadays are how adequate it is to use group dynamics in class to permit students achieve specific goals and if the efficiency of this technique is acceptable for all the branches of knowledge. Architecture, because of its most important qualities (professional work in teams, practical skills and creativity) appears to be an area in which it is likely that the teamwork technique can demonstrate its most important strengths. Thomas Kuhn (1996) described knowledge as â€Å"intrinsically the common property of a group or else nothing at all†, explaining that the discoveries of sciences or the products of arts to be recognized as it shall be shared between the members of a certain community. What Bruffee (1995) called the social construction of knowledge, has become the base to encourage the use of group work techniques in different levels of education. However there are still many critics to this method, basically referring to the difficulties to manage the classroom and its adequacy to different areas of study. The debate over teamwork in colleges and universities hasn’t delivered a clear answer yet. This research paper will first explain the virtues and weakness of the â€Å"Collaborative Learning† method in order to establish finally its possible application to Architecture Education. The Strengths of the Method Background Since the early 70’s, educators characterized the â€Å"traditional approach to Education† (Ventimiglia, 1994) as being â€Å"professor centered†, considering that the educative process depended exclusively on the knowledge capacities of the teacher, who decided what kind and what amount of information should be deposited into students minds. This was strongly criticized by Freire (cited by Ventimiglia, 1994), for being passive and not stimulating critical thinking. From then educators have researched new methods capable of improving academic results and preparing students to transform their societies creatively. This is how what Foyle (1995) called â€Å"Collaborative learning†, appeared as a possible answer to educational dilemmas. DEFINITION Collaborative learning, as well as cooperative and active learning are terms used to describe new procedures in education, intended to help students learn by working together (Bruffee, 1995). According to Ventimiglia (1994) collaborative learning is the process in which a community formed by students and teacher establishes common goals and participates as partners in the building of knowledge, following specific steps and accepting precise responsibilities. Group work is therefore one of the various tools involved in the execution of the method, however they should not be considered as synonyms.

First Day of School Essay

Life is full of surprises and difficulties. A college can make your life are changing after you walked into the campus at first day in college. I used to think about the class in college which is different from in high school. Those people who are older than me, they have told me that college would be new life for me. That college would show me what is the differently between college and high school. I was really wondering about it, I didn’t know anything since the first year and first day. Everything I knew before I went to college that was I had to studied more harder, and I won’t have many friends like I did in high school. The most things that I was interesting is about the course class, the education, the campuses. They took me to a new look, and they show me what is real college life. see more:my first day at school paragraph I wasn’t thinking the differently from high school to college is big deal, but I have a bit scared when I went into the campus, and I have seen many students that I didn’t know anyone of them. First class were surprise me because that was about 20 to 30 students only, but they aren’t friend to each other. I went to my class early so that I can get a good seat close to teacher, and I can meet my classmate. That was lucky because I just met a old friend from high school in the first class. Therefore, the class is not so scaring anymore and everything is seemed to be better than before. After the first class, I just knew another things, that is college students didn’t like to make friends like we did in high school. They came to class to record the lecture then they left the class after the lecture done without any talk. College’s course classes are really differently. First, the college classes are taking more time than the high school, they are taking about two hour for each day. All I could do in class that was hearing the lecture from professor. That was not really for all class, there was some professors let us doing group works. The professors tried to help students had more time to knew each other, and they worked better in their works. The lecture is  taking about two hour, it made the students fall in sleep easy. Now is one another thing, I did not realize that college’s student could wear whatever they want; it doesn’t matter with the uniform. Students can’t talk to each other during lecture that is reason students are not so friendly when they tried to ask the other about homework or any assignment. However, students can leave early before class end 15 minutes or 20 minutes early, In high school, students would get their assignments and homework from the professors in class, but that was not for college. Everything are in online and website, assignments, homework, projects, including lecture summaries. All the assignment and homework had dude day, it really could help students have more time to do their work, and they will management their time life more easy. In high school, teacher always gave us homework before we left class, and turn them in next day. I knew sometime we won’t have enough time, but that is more helpful to students because they would catch up and learned more about what they learned in class that day. All the course class, they have a schedule for lecture, tests, quiz and the final. The professors did that because they didn’t want the students miss any test or final. There is no time to make up any test if we are absent and miss those test. College is having many campuses, those are really cool and bigger than the high school campus. I knew it is unfair compare but that is truth, there is some class have around 100 students in one lecture. Some college campuses are really big with 3 or 4 floors up, each one have more than 50 rooms to be laboratory, class rooms, computer labs. Students can have free internet to research and doing their homework without going home. The library have all the kind of books, it is helping students find their book easy, and students can use the desktop in library to do their project. I think college is a new world, and new life, that is giving me more option, surprises and difficulties. College is changing my angle personal life, it gave me the knowledge and the differently between high school and college. I sum up my College life as an impactful one, but I think I could’ve done better to be someone I hope to be. I’ve learnt to change my own view after I saw everything college in front of my eyes, it is not that difficult like  the other people told me before. All the things, The course class, the education, the campuses are totally changing my to new life.

Marketing †Peter England Essay

To create a quick and universal awareness of the brand’s USP of quality and price. * To build strong brand preference and sustain brand loyalty through attractive imagery and constantly reiterate the product’s pluses Marketing Mix Peter England follows the 4 P’s of the marketing mix: Product architecture – The range comprises regular office wear, special occasion wear and casual wear. Pricing – Price grid integrity is maintained byensuring that65 per cent of the brand offering is below MRP 500 through ‘Core’ range. Promotion – Pricing Objective * Peter England aims at maximizing its market share * Introduces Market Penetration pricing * Peter England in 1997 the journey begins †¦ * Peter England follows Value Based Pricing * Goes in for a High Value Strategy * Offers the consumers premium quality at medium price Pricing Strategy * Price grid integrity maintained by ensuring 65 per cent of the brand offering was below MRP 500 through ‘Core’ range* At the same time premium products introduced at the top end through collectionslike ‘the solids collection’ and ‘the festival collection’

Lab Report I

Determining the Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions Mrs. Farrales Nikita Pandya October 23, 2012 December 3, 2012 INRODUCTION In the method of continuous variations the total number of moles of reactants is kept constant for the series of measurements. Each measurement is made with a different mole ratio of reactants. A mole ratio is ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction.Mole ratios are used as conversion factors between products and reactants in many chemistry problems. The optimum ratio, which is the stoichiometric ratio in the equation, form the greatest amount of product, and, if the reaction is exothermic, generate the most heat and maximum temperature change, Double replacement reactions are generally considered to be irreversible. The formation of an insoluble precipitate provides a driving force that makes the reaction proceed in one direction only.In a double reaction, the two reactants which are aqueous solutions (which can be broken down), can form two products one also an aqueous solution, and another which can be a precipitate, water, or a gas, which cannot be broken down, therefore making the reaction irreversible. The objective/goal of this laboratory is to find the optimum mole ratio for the formation of a precipitate in a double replacement reaction and use this information to predict the chemical formula of the precipitate. How can the products of a double reaction be predicted?How will it be determined if a product is aqueous or a precipitate? How will the method of continuous variations help determine the mole ratio of the two reactants? METHODS Materials: 1. Copper (II) chloride solution, CuCl2, 0. 05 M, 210 mL 2. Iron (III) nitrate solution, Fe(NO3) 3, 0. 1 M. 110 mL 3. Sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 0. 1 M, 320 mL 4. Sodium phosphate, tribasic, solution, Na3PO4, 0. 05 M, 210 ml 5. (14+) Test tubes (some graduated, some without graduations) 6. Black Marker 7. Marking tape 8. (2) Stirring rods, large 9. Pipets 10. (2) Test tube racks 1. (2) Pairs of gloves 12. Lab goggles 13. Lab apron 14. Timer 15. Para film Procedure The lab was set up, as it is seen in figure 1, with seven test tubes in a test tube rack. Using a clean 10mL graduated cylinder, the appropriate volume of iron(III) nitrate solution was taken from its container and transferred/added to each test tube using a pipet. Using a another clean 10mL graduated cylinder, the appropriate volume of sodium hydroxide solution was taken from its container and transferred/added to each test tube, which already contained iron(III) nitrate, using a pipet.Before the timer was started, each of the solutions in the test tube was stirred/mixed with a large stirring rod. This ensured that both the reactants mixed properly. After stirring the solutions, observations were noted for any signs of chemical changes. The mixtures were to be left for 10 minutes (a timer was used) to sit undisturbed, because any movement of the test tube could cause a hindrance in the settlement of the precipitate. Though each test tube was left undisturbed for 10 minutes, final observations were made after the solutions were left to sit undisturbed for 24 hours.After the 24 hours of settling, the volume of the precipitate in each test tube was measured and recorded. For test tube with graduations, seeing the numbers at eye level made the calculations, but for test tubes with no graduations a different method was used to measure the volume of the precipitate. First another test tube of the same size was found, then using a pipet, 1ml of water was measured in a 10mL graduated cylinder, and then poured into the similar size test tube. Using a black marker graduations were written on the test tube. Graduations up to 5mL only were made.After the graduations were complete the â€Å"graduated† test tube was held side by side with the similar size test tube with no graduations, and the precipitate was measured using this metho d. The same procedures were repeated with the reactants of the second table, CuCl2 and Na3PO4 Figure 1: The set up of the lab, the test tubes were labeled 1-7 RESULTS Data Table 1: Ratio between Fe(NO3)3 and NaOH are presented in this table along with the amount of precipitate that was produced in each of the test tube. Test Tube | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| Fe(NO3)3, 0. 1M, mL| 1| 2| 4| 3| 2| 5| 4|NaOH, 0. 1M, mL| 11| 10| 16| 9| 5| 10| 6| Fe:OH Mole Ratio| 1:11| 1:5| 1:4| 1:3| 2:5| 1:2| 2:3| Volume of Precipitate (mL)| 1 mL| 2. 8 mL| 3 mL| 0 mL| 0 mL| 0 mL| 0 mL| Data Table 2: Ratio between CuCl2 and Na3PO4 are presented in this table along with the amount of precipitate that was produced in each of the test tube. Test Tube | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| CuCl2, 0. 05 M, mL| 1| 4| 4| 6| 6| 8| 5| Na3PO4, 0. 05 M, mL| 5| 8| 6| 6| 4| 4| 1| Cu:PO4 Mole Ratio| 1:5| 1:2| 2:3| 1:1| 3:2| 2:1| 5:1| Volume of Precipitate (mL)| 1 mL| 4 mL| 3. 75 mL| 4 mL| 2. 5 mL| 3. 2 mL| 1 mL|RESULTS PARAGRAPH – PO ST LAB QUESTIONS Observations: Fe(NO3)3 and NaOH 1. Start time: 12:07 Separated instantly. After 3 minutes separated halfway End time: 12:17 Precipitate is 1/5 of test tube color is light orange 24 hours later: Same results 2. Start time: 12:11 Separated a little End time: 12:21 The precipitate takes up 2/5 of the test tube & is orange 24 hours later: Same results 3. Start time: 12:15 Instant separation End time: 12:25 Liquid still a little cloudy. Precipitate is ? of test tube color is light/dark orange 24 hours later: Same results 4.Start time: 12:19 Separating VERY slowly End time: 12:29 There is no precipitate just yet. Very cloudy. 24 hours later: Same results 5. Start time: 12:22 Separation did not occur instantly End time: 12:32 There is no precipitate just yet. Very cloudy. 24 hours later: Same results 6. Start time: 12:24 Separation did not occur instantly End time: 12:34 There is no precipitate. Very Cloudy. 24 hours later: Same results 7. Start time: 12:27 Separation did not occur instantly End time: 12:37 There is no precipitate just yet. 24 hours later: Same results CuCl2 and Na3PO4 1.Start time: 12:36 Separated quickly End time: 12:46 Precipitate ? of test tube. Color is light blue 24 hours later: Same results 2. Start time: 12:37 Separated quickly End time: 12:47 Precipitate is ? of test tube. Color is regular blue 24 hours later: Same results 3. Start time: 12:39 Separated quickly End time: 12:49 Precipitate is ? of test tube. Color is regular blue. 24 hours later: Same results 4. Start time: 12:41 Separated only a little bit in the first two minutes End time: 12:51 Precipitate is ? of test tube and color is light blue 24 hours later: Same results 5.Start time: 12:42 Separated only a little bit in the first two minutes End time: 12:52 Precipitate is 2/5 of test tube and color is light blue 24 hours later: Same results 6. Start time: 12:43 Separated only a little bit in the first two minutes End time: 12:53 Precipitate is 3/5 of test tube and co lor is light blue 24 hours later: Same results 7. Start time: 12:45 Separated only a little bit in the first two minutes End time: 12:55 Precipitate is 1/5 of test tube and color is light blue In the observations mentioned above, estimates using numbers (fractions) were made.These fractions basically estimate the amount of precipitate that was formed in each test tube, or the lack of a precipitate. Observations were made after the ten-minute mark, and then left under the fume hood for 24hrs due to the fact that time fell short; observations were made then also. The observations also show that in the test tube where it was recorded that the separation between the compounds was instant, there was a precipitate formed. Respectively the observations also show that in test tubes where it was recorded that separation between the compounds was not instant, there was no precipitate formed.These observations describe the color of the solution/precipitate, and tell the transparency of the sol ution. Lastly these observations elaborate on the slow or fast process of how each solution separated into a precipitate, or didn’t, based on their specific mole ratio. It justifies how the different mole ratio produced the different precipitate amount. Figure 2: Fe(NO3)3 and NaOHFigure 3: CuCl2 and Na3PO4 These pictures show a visual of the seven test tubes in each experiment. In some of them the precipitates are present, in other test tubes there are no precipitates present, which means that they are still solutions.The test tubes with graduations, that had precipitates present were measured by reading the number at eye level. But test tube with no graduations, that had precipitates present, a special method that was mentioned in the procedures were used. Since in experiment two, all of the test tubes had a precipitate present there was a clear distinction in colors, the blue and clear, they were heterogonous mixtures. But in experiment one, only three of the seven test tub es had precipitates present, in those three test tubes there is a distinction in color, the red-ish orange and clear, they were heterogonous mixtures.But in the other four test tubes, since they are solutions it is a homogenous mixture where the entire solution has one consistency and color. DISCUSSION By conducting the experiment, and analyzing the results, the optimum mole ratio for the formation of the precipitate in a double replacement reaction was found, and the chemical formula of the precipitate was found, the initial purpose of the experiment. At the beginning of the experiment two questions were proposed. ANSWER QUESTIONS ERRORS CONCLUSION LITTLE BIT FROM DATA AND DISCUSSION PARAGRAPH.

The Treadway Tire Company

The Treadway Tire Company in Lima, Ohio is faced with rather difficult times. These difficulties however are not due to lack of work with a down recession, or concerned with too much demand and not enough capacity to fill it. These issues are deep within the company and affect the organization very seriously every day. The lack of training, ineffective leadership and employee communication are the problems challenging the Treadway Tire Company as well as contributing continuously to their increasing turnover rate for consecutive years. According to industry standards, your employees can contribute to the success of your company when they are trained to perform their jobs. Training typically consists of several classes onsite or at different location during orientation. Some companies consider in-depth training an unnecessary expense and expect new employees to learn on the job from supervisors and older employees. However, this type of training is often inadequate and creates problems for the business. (Amo, 2013) As a result, Ashley Wall should implement a formal, organized training program that will emphasize all aspects of plant operations and labor education. The advantage of implementing a training program is that the foreman will be better equipped to do their job more effectively thus heightening their psychological empowerment and increasing job satisfaction. My research also suggests leadership training, employee development and professional – level seminars and workshops demonstrate the employer’s interest in tapping current human resources for higher-level roles within the organization through promotion-from-within policies and succession of plans. Ineffective leadership results from employers’ failure to provide support for employees who demonstrate aptitude and interest in promotional opportunities. Promoting employees without the benefit of basic of basic leadership training puts the employer at risk for high turnover and low productivity. It’s akin to setting the supervisor up for failure and it jeopardizes employee-supervisor relationships. (Mayhew, 2013) It has been my understanding that leadership training and employee development can help the new supervisor understand how to balance their dual responsibilities – managing department functions and managing people. When considering Treadway Tire Company, without leadership training, however, the supervisor will fail because they did not receive the training needed and employees who report to them suffer because of potentially poor employee-supervisor relationships. Lastly, when we consider employee communication, employers who communicate regularly with employees lessen the risk of creating a workforce that feels undervalued and unappreciated. Keeping employees informed about organizational changes, staffing plans and fluctuating business demands is one way to ensure employees remain with the company. Neglecting employee concerns about job security through lack of communication or excluding employees for discussions that can affect their job performance, such as policy or procedural changes, negatively impacts the way employees view their employer. Their views transform to dissatisfaction and finally low productivity due to low morale and disengagement. (Mayhew, 2013) In relation to the problems with lack of communication in Treadway Tire Company, implementing some type of Foreman training program would be one of the most effective ways to solve their communication challenges. In conclusion, it is my belief that the challenges in training, ineffective leadership responsibilities and lack in communication can all be resolved by the implementation of a training program for all current and future foremen ensuring the company is managed properly. I would recommend at the conclusion of each training session, the employees should be asked for feedback about the program so that it can be enhanced by further development to meet the evolving needs of the company.ReferencesAmo, T. (2013). The Negative Effects of a Lack of Training in the Workplace | Chron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-effects-lack-training-workplace-45171.html Mayhew, R. (2013). What Are the Factors That Contribute to High Staff Turnover & Low Productivity? | Chron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/factors-contribute-high-staff-turnover-low-pro